Engineering is the art and profession of acquiring and applying technical, scientific and mathematical information to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes that safely realize a desired objective or invention. A person who practices engineering is called and engineer, and those licensed to do so may have more formal designations such as Professional Engineer, or Incorporated Engineer. The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of more specialized sub disciplines, each with a more specific emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology.

The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel. Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects. The term engineering itself has a much more recent etymology, deriving from the wore engineer, which itself dates back to 1325, when an engine’er (literally one who operates an engine) originally referred to “a constructor of military engines”. In this context which is now obsolete an “engine” referred to a military machine, i.e., a mechanical contraption used in war (for example a catapult). The word “engine” itself is of eveh older origin, ultimately deriving from the Latin ingenium (c.1250) meaning “ innate quality, especially mental power, hence clever invention.

Later as the design of civilian structures such as bridges and buildings matured as a technical discipline the term civil engineering entered the lexicon as a way to distinguish between those specializing in the construction of such non-military projects and those involved in the older discipline of military engineering (the original meaning of the word “engineering, now largely obsolete with notable exceptions that have survived to the present day such as military engineering corps, e.g. the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

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